Ehara i te mea he wāhanga nui noa iho o te umanga rauemi hou o te umanga rautaki hou o te motu ngā rauemi silicone, engari he rauemi tautoko nui hoki mō ētahi atu umanga rautaki hou.

Nā te whānui haere tonu o ngā mara tono, kua waiho te silicones hei tetahi o ngā rauemi matū rongonui i tēnei wā nā te kaha nui o te tono.

Ko te wāhanga nui rawa atu o te whakamahinga o ngā silicones ā-whare kei roto i ngā mara pēnei i te hanga, te hikohiko, te hiko me te pūngao hou, te tiaki hauora, me te tiaki whaiaro. I roto i ēnei, ko te mara hanga te kaupapa matua mō te whakamahinga o ngā silicones, tata ki te 30%.

Haunga te tipu tonu o te hiahia mō ngā rauemi silicone i roto i ngā ahumahi tuku iho, ko ngā ahumahi penapena pūngao me te tiaki taiao pēnei i te photovoltaics me te pūngao hou, tae atu ki te whanaketanga o ngā ahumahi hou pēnei i te hanganga whatunga hiko ngaohiko tino teitei me te tino teitei, ngā rauemi mau atamai, te tā 3D, me te 5G, e whakarato ana i ngā wāhi tipu hou mō te hiahia silicone.

He Tirohanga Whānui mō ngā Silicones

Ko te silicones he kupu whānui mō ngā pūhui waro silicon, ka hangaia, ka whakawairohia hoki e te silicon whakarewa me te chloromethane.

Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ki te hanga silicones ko te whakaputa i te methylchlorosilane, ka whakawhaiatia kia whiwhi ai i te monomethyltrichlorosilane, te dimethyldichlorosilane, me te trichlorosilane. Ko te Dimethyldichlorosilane te momo monomer matua o te silicon waro, ko ōna hua matua ko te rapa silicone me te hinu silicone.

I tēnei wā, ko te kaha whakaputa silicones e whakahuatia ana i Haina e pā ana ki te kaha whakaputa o te methylchlorosilane, ko ngā tatauranga whakaputa o nāianei e hangai ana ki te whakaputanga o te dimethylsiloxane.

Mekameka ahumahi silicones

E whā ngā hononga matua o te mekameka ahumahi silicone: ngā rauemi mata silicone, ngā monomer silicone, ngā takawaenga silicone, me ngā hua tukatuka hohonu silicone. He iti ake ngā umanga whakaputa rauemi mata, monomer, me ngā takawaenga, ko te tukatuka hohonu iho he whānuitanga o ngā hua me te kaha whakaputa marara ake.

Ngā rauemi mata o te silicone

He nui te wāhanga o ngā rauemi mata o te tukanga whakaputa silicones. Ko te paura silicone ahumahi te rauemi mata o te silicones, e hangaia ana i roto i te ahumahi mā te whakaiti i te quartz me te coke i roto i te oumu hiko.

He nui te nui o te konganuku me te pūngao o te silicone e pau ana i te hanga o te silicone ahumahi, ā, he nui te parahanga o te taiao. Nō reira, ko te putunga pumau me te kounga teitei o ngā rauemi mata silicone ahumahi kua noho hei taurangi matua mō te hanga silicone.

E ai ki a SAGSI, i te tau 2020, ko te kaha whakaputa silicone ahumahi o te ao he 6.23 miriona tana, ko te kaha whakaputa o Haina he 4.82 miriona tana, ko te 77.4%.

Hiraka

Ngā monomers silicones me ngā takawaenga

Neke atu i te 50% o te tapeke o te ao e tukuna ana e te motu o ngā monomer me ngā takawaenga silicone, ā, koinei te kaiwhakarato nui rawa atu o ngā monomer me ngā takawaenga silicone i te ao. Nā te āhua kore pumau o ngā monomer silicone, ka hangaia e ngā kamupene ngā monomer hei takawaenga pērā i te DMC (dimethylsiloxane) me te D4 rānei hei hoko.

He iti noa ngā momo me ngā whakaritenga o ngā monomers silicones me ngā takawaenga.

Ko te dimethyldichlorosilane te monomer silicones e whakamahia whānuitia ana i tēnei wā, e 90% te nui o te monomer katoa.

He teitei te paepae whakauru mō te umanga silicones, kua whakapiki ake ki te 200,000 tana, ā, me neke atu i te 1.5 piriona yuan te haumitanga whakapaipai. Mā te paepae whakauru teitei o te umanga ka whakatairanga i te ia o te kukū kaha whakaputa monomer ki ngā umanga matua.

I tēnei wā, he iti noa iho ngā kamupene he nui ā rātou hangarau kua kohia, ā, kua tutuki hoki ā rātou mahi whakaputa nui, neke atu i te 90% o te kaha whakaputa kua tohatohahia ki waenga i ngā umanga 11 o runga.

Ko te nui o te kaha whakaputa silicones e whakarato ana i te wāhi whiriwhiri nui ake mō ngā umanga o muri mai.

Dichlorodimethylsilane

Mō te tuku, he maha ngā umanga silicone matua i Haina he kaupapa kei te haere tonu, he mahere hou rānei. Ka arotahi te kaha whakaputa hou ki te whakaputa mai i te tau 2022 ki te 2023, ā, kua tata te kaha whakaputa o te umanga ki te uru ki tētahi huringa whānui tere.

E ai ki ngā raraunga mai i Baichuan Yingfu, ka haumi ngā kamupene pēnei i a Hesheng Silicon Industry, Yunnan Energy Investment, me Dongyue Silicon Materials ki te 1.025 miriona tana o te kaha whakaputa silicones i tēnei tau. Kei te haumi anō hoki ngā kamupene pēnei i a New Special Energy, Asia Silicon Industry, me Sichuan Yongxiang ki te kaha whakaputa silicon polycrystalline, e akiaki ana i te pikinga o te tono mō ngā silicones ahumahi.

E matapaetia ana e te SAGSI ka neke atu te kaha whakaputa o Haina mō ngā monomer methyl silicones i te 6 miriona tana/tau i te tau 2025, e 70% neke atu rānei o te kaha whakaputa o te ao mō ngā monomer methyl silicones.

E ai ki a C&EN, kei te whakamahere a Momentive, te kamupene silicone matua o tāwāhi, ki te kati i tana kaha whakaputa silicone i Waterford, New York, ka waiho ko Dow anake te kaihanga o ngā rauemi mata silicone i te United States.

Ka whakawhitia te kaha whakaputa monomer silicones o te ao ki Haina, ā, ka haere tonu te whakapai ake o te ōwehenga kukū ahumahi a meake nei.

Te tukatuka hohonu o ngā silicones

He maha ngā wā ka kitea ngā hua silicones kua tukatukahia hohonu i roto i te āhua ngota o RnSiX (4-n), ā, nā ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū pumau o te mekameka silicon me te rerekētanga o ngā rōpū mahi ka whakawhiwhia ki ngā hua silicones kua tukatukahia hohonu he maha ngā mahi whakamahinga. Ko ngā hua matua ko te rapa silicone me te hinu silicone, e 66% me te 21% ia.

I tēnei wā, kei te tere tonu te whanaketanga o te umanga tukatuka hohonu o te silicones, ā, he marara noa iho te ahumahi. Neke atu i te 3,000 ngā umanga tukatuka hohonu e mahi ana i te tukatuka silicone anake.

Te Tanka Rauemi Mata o te Wheketere o Olivia

Ko te hanganga o ngā hua silicones tukatuka hohonu i Haina:

Kāore i te nui te painga utu o ngā kamupene silicone o tāwāhi ki te whakarite ki ngā kamupene Haina, ā, ko te nuinga o ngā kamupene silicone matua o tāwāhi e arotahi ana ki te whakawhanake i ngā hua tukatuka hohonu me te whakawhānui i te mekameka ahumahi.

Kua neke haere ngā kaupapa here whakatenatena a Haina mō te umanga silicones mai i te hanga monomer ki te tukatuka hohonu o ngā hua silicones, te whakawhanake i ngā hua silicones hou, te whakawhānui ake i ngā mara tono hou, me te whakapai ake i te taumata whakamahinga whānui.

Silica

He nui ake te uara tāpiri hua me ngā tūmanakohanga tono mākete mō ngā hua silicone. I tēnei wā, he nui tonu te wāhi hei whanaketanga i te whakamahinga o ngā silicone i ngā mākete hou o Haina me tāwāhi.

Hiraka

Hiraka Polycrystalline